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    新聞頻道 > 輝煌“十一五”

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    數說中國城市化

    發布時間: 2010-10-20 11:40   來源: 荊楚網   進入電子報

    10月9日上午10點,北京西二環依然車速緩慢,擁堵在北京已成常態。本報記者趙洪波攝

      從17.9%到46.6%:城市化速度加快

      1978年中國的城市化率大約是17.9%,2009年這一數據已達到46.6%,有6.2億—6.3億人口居住在城市。僅以這個數字作比較,它是美國全國人口總數的兩倍多,是日本全國人口的近5倍,只比歐盟27國總人口少1億。改革開放以來,中國城市化發展速度是世界同期平均速度的兩倍左右!笆濉币巹澲谐鞘谢蕦⑼黄50%,到2030年,中國城市化率將達到65%左右,各類城鎮人口將新增3億人。與此同時,城市化帶來的交通、環境、就業問題日益顯現。

      百萬人大城市118座:“城市病”蔓延

      截至2009年,我國超過100萬人口的大城市已有118座,中國在快速走向城市化的同時,空間沖突、資源短缺和環境污染等一系列“城市病”也在傳染蔓延。在北京、上海、廣州等特大城市,除了交通擁堵外,環境污染、入托難、就醫難、能源短缺等問題也嚴重困擾著城市居民的生活。

      2.3億農民工涌入城市:城市面臨人口壓力

      2009年度全國農民工總量為22978萬人,其中外出農民工14533萬人。與上年相比,農民工總量增加436萬人,增長1.9%。大量外來人口涌入大城市,社會保障與城市管理水平卻沒有能夠及時跟進,不但本地居民的生活質量大打折扣,外來人口的生活舒適度也受到很大影響。

      人均水資源2200立方米:城市水危機嚴峻

      我國水資源人均2200立方米,與聯合國的貧水線標準相當,而且水資源分布十分不均勻。我國西南人口約占全國五分之一,卻擁有全國60%的水資源;華北地區人口占全國的四分之一,人均水資源僅有500立方米,天津市人均水資源只有400立方米。再加上我國水污染嚴重,資源性缺水與水質性缺水同時存在,水質性缺水更為普遍和突出。城市面臨的水危機,正直接影響我國的城市化與經濟發展。

      1972萬人:北京人口急劇增長

      根據國務院批復的《北京城市總體規劃(2004—2020年)》,到2020年,北京市總人口規模規劃控制在1800萬人左右。但有關調研顯示,截至2009年底,北京市實際常住人口總數為1972萬人。2010年1月,北京市統計局發布的數據顯示,截至2009年底,北京市常住人口為1755萬人,而“十一五”規?刂颇繕藶1625萬人,人口控制目標一再被突破,據了解,北京市每增加1個人,每天就會給交通系統帶來約2.6次出行,交通系統正在承受越來越大的壓力。 (李慧、顏維琦)

    (本文來源:荊楚網 編輯:程評)
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